高中英语2026届高考语法复习名词性从句知识详解.doc

高考英语语法复习名词性从句知识详解一、名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词是构建从句的基础，需根据从句的语义和语法需求选择，主要分为三类：1.连接代词这类词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有具体意义，包括：who（谁，主格）、whom（谁，宾格）、whose（谁的，所有格）、what（什么；……的事物/人）、which（哪一个/些，有选择范围）例1：Who will lead the team remains a question.（who在主语从句中作主语，表“谁”）例2：She asked whom we should invite to the party.（whom在宾语从句中作invite的宾语，表“谁”）例3：I can’t remember whose umbrella this is.（whose在宾语从句中作定语，表“谁的”）例4：What he said at the meeting surprised everyone.（what在主语从句中作said的宾语，表“……的话”）例5：He didn’t tell me which book he had borrowed.（which在宾语从句中作定语，表“哪一本”，隐含范围）辨析：what与which的区别在于，what无范围限制，表“泛指的事物”；which有明确范围，表“特定范围内的选择”。

2.连接副词这类词在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因、方式等，包括：when（何时）、where（何地）、why（为何）、how（如何；多么）例1：No one knows when the project will start.（when在宾语从句中作时间状语）例2：The problem is where we can find enough water.（where在表语从句中作地点状语）例3：She explained why she was absent from the meeting.（why在宾语从句中作原因状语）例4：I wonder how he solved the difficult problem.（how在宾语从句中作方式状语）注意：how可与形容词/副词搭配，表“多么……”，如：It’s amazing how fast he runs.（how修饰fast，表程度）3.从属连词这类词仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无实际意义，包括：that（无意义）、if（是否）、whether（是否）例1：He said that he would visit his grandparents.（that仅连接宾语从句，不表意义）例2：I don’t know if/whether she will accept the invitation.（if/whether表“是否”，连接宾语从句）辨析：if与whether的用法差异是高频考点：引导宾语从句时，两者可互换，但if不能与or not直接连用（whether可接or not）；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或介词后的宾语从句时，只能用whether；句首引导主语从句时，只能用whether。

例：Whether he will come or not is still a mystery.（主语从句+or not，用whether）例：We’re talking about whether we should change the plan.（介词about后，用whether）二、名词性从句的具体用法名词性从句的核心是“在句中作名词成分”，不同从句的功能决定了其在句中的位置和搭配1.主语从句：在句中作主语主语从句是整个句子的主语，可直接位于句首，也可因从句过长用it作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置（更符合英语表达习惯）直接作主语：What we need is more time and effort.（what引导的从句直接作主语，谓语动词用单数）Whether the plan will work depends on practice.（whether引导的从句作主语，谓语用单数）形式主语it代替主语从句：常见句式：It + be + 形容词/名词/过去分词 + 主语从句It is obvious that he is lying.（形容词obvious后接主语从句）It is a pity that you missed the lecture.（名词pity后接主语从句）It is reported that the typhoon will land tomorrow.（过去分词reported后接主语从句）注意：主语从句作主语时，无论从句内容是单数还是复数，谓语动词通常用单数。

例：When they will start has not been decided yet.（谓语用has）2.宾语从句：在句中作宾语宾语从句可作动词、介词或形容词的宾语，是名词性从句中最常见的类型动词后的宾语从句：常见动词：say, think, believe, know, hope, wonder, suggest, order等She thinks (that) you are right.（that在动词后可省略）He wondered how he could improve his English.（how引导宾语从句，作wondered的宾语）介词后的宾语从句：介词后需用连接代词、连接副词或whether引导，that不能直接作介词宾语（except that, in that等固定搭配除外）I’m curious about what he is doing now.（介词about后接what引导的从句）The success depends on whether we can work together.（介词on后接whether引导的从句）形容词后的宾语从句：常见形容词：afraid, sure, glad, certain, sorry, proud等，从句需用that, if, whether或疑问词引导。

I’m sure that we will win the game.（形容词sure后接that从句）She is uncertain whether she should accept the offer.（形容词uncertain后接whether从句）特殊用法：形式宾语it代替宾语从句当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将从句后置例：I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.（it作形式宾语，that从句是真正宾语，important是宾补）3.表语从句：在句中作表语表语从句位于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质，常见系动词有be, look, seem, remain, become, turn等基本用法：The question is whether we can finish the task on time.（whether引导表语从句，说明主语question的内容）My hope is that we can travel around the world one day.（that引导表语从句，说明主语hope的内容）固定句式：“This/That/It is why...” 表“这/那就是……的原因”（why引导的从句表结果）He didn’t study hard.That is why he failed the exam.“This/That/It is because...” 表“这/那是因为……”（because引导的从句表原因）He failed the exam.That is because he didn’t study hard.“The reason...is that...” 表“……的原因是……”（表语从句需用that引导，不用why）The reason for his failure is that he was too careless.（不可用why）4.同位语从句：解释说明名词的内容同位语从句位于抽象名词后，对该名词的具体内容进行解释说明，常见的抽象名词有：news, fact, idea, belief, hope, doubt, suggestion, plan, order, truth等。

例1：We received the news that our team had won the match.（that从句解释news的内容）例2：There is no doubt that he is honest.（that从句解释doubt的内容）例3：The suggestion that we should hold a meeting is worth considering.（that从句解释suggestion的内容）与定语从句的辨析：同位语从句中的that是从属连词，不充当成分，仅起连接作用，从句是对名词的内容解释；定语从句中的that是关系代词，需在从句中作主语或宾语，从句是对名词的修饰限定同位语从句：The fact that he won the prize surprised us.（that不充当成分，说明fact的内容）定语从句：The fact that he told us surprised us.（that作told的宾语，修饰fact，表“他告诉我们的事实”）三、名词性从句的核心语法规则1.语序：陈述句语序所有名词性从句都必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不能用疑问句语序。

误：I don’t know what is he doing.正：I don’t know what he is doing.误：Can you tell me where does she live?正：Can you tell me where she lives?2.时态一致原则当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句（或间接引语中的从句）需用相应的过去时态（如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）；若从句表述客观真理、科学事实或永恒不变的规律，时态不受主句影响，仍用一般现在时主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态：He said he was watching TV at 8 last night.（过去进行时）She told me she would go to Beijing the next day.（过去将来时）从句表客观真理，时态不变：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.（一般现在时，表客观真理）3.that的省略规则宾语从句中，that通常可省略（尤其是口语中），但如果是多个并列宾语从句，第一个that可省，其余that不可省。

例：He said (that) he would come and that he would bring a gift.（第二个that不可省）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，that不可省略例：That he failed again made his parents sad.（主语从句，that不可省）例：The problem is that we have 。